Dose-response meta-analysis of coffee consumption and risk of colorectal adenoma.

BACKGROUND: The association between coffee and colorectal adenoma risk remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies to sum up the existing proof about this matter. METHODS: We searched Pubmed, Medline, and Embase for studies published before 1 September 2018 on coffee consumption and colorectal adenoma in any language. The different ORs were calculated for cohort and case-control studies in this study, and we use a random-effects model to aggregate the relative risks of individual studies and conduct dose response, heterogeneity, and publication bias. RESULTS: A total of 8 studies (6 case-control studies, 2 cohort studies) were identified, including 7090 subjects. In a summary analysis of all studies, high coffee intake (compared the highest with the lowest categories) was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal adenoma (odds ratio [OR] = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55-0.90). The results of subgroup analysis of adenoma location were similar with the pooled analysis, except for rectal adenoma. In the dose-response meta-analysis study, the estimated total odds ratio for increasing coffee consumption by 150 ml per day (about one cup) was 0.91 (95% CI = 0.87-0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis demonstrates possible evidence that increased coffee intake is related to a reduced risk of colon adenoma. However, because of latent confusion and different exposure classification, this finding should be carefully considered.

Predictive Risk Factors of Intestinal Necrosis in Patients with Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis: Retrospective Study from a Single Center.

Purposes: Mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is a serious condition. The current study aimed to identify risk factors of intestinal necrosis (IN) in patients with MVT to predict the onset of patients. Methods: Data pertaining to patients diagnosed with MVT between 2014 and May 2018 were reviewed. Patients' characteristics and risk factors of IN were assessed. Results: Seventy-eight patients were included in our study, of whom all cases were diagnosed as superior mesenteric venous thrombosis. There were fifty-eight cases (74%) with intestinal necrosis and twenty cases (26%) without intestinal necrosis. Multivariate analysis of factors associated with IN was organ failure (odds ratio (OR): 4.1; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.26-8.59; P=0.028), elevated serum lactate (OR:3.6; 95% CI: 1.51-5.47; P=0.024), bowel loop dilation on computerized tomography (CT) scan (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.32-7.23; P=0.031), and the time between onset of symptoms and operation (OR: 4.8; 95% CI: 1.36-9.89; P=0.012). Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the diagnosis of IN with MVT was 0.901 (95%CI: 0.809-0.993; P=0.000) depending on the different number of predictive factors. Conclusion: Predictive risk factors for IN with MVT were organ failure, elevated serum lactate level, bowel loop dilation on CT, and the time between onset of symptoms and operation. However, this result is from a retrospective study and further long-term, large-sample prospective studies are required to confirm this finding.

Effects of the resistant starch on glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and lipid parameters in overweight or obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The role of resistant starch (RS) in glucose, insulin, insulin resistance or sensitivity, and lipid parameters have been reported in several studies and remained controversial. A pooled analysis which assessed these parameters has not been performed. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to sum up existing evidence about the issue. METHODS: We searched in MEDLINE and PUBMED for studies that were published before November 2018. Meta-analysis of diabetics and nondiabetics trials were performed by use of a random-effects model. RESULTS: A total of 13 case-control studies that included 428 subjects with body mass index ≥25 were identified. RS supplementation reduced fasting insulin in overall and stratified (diabetics and nondiabetics trials) analysis (SMD = -0.72; 95% CI: -1.13 to -0.31; SMD = -1.26; 95% CI: -1.66 to -0.86 and SMD = -0.64; 95% CI: -1.10 to -0.18, respectively), and reduced fasting glucose in overall and stratified analysis for diabetic trials (SMD = -0.26; 95% CI: -0.5 to -0.02 and SMD = -0.28; 95% CI: -0.54 to -0.01, respectively). RS supplementation increased HOMA-S% (SMD = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.59-1.78) and reduced HOMA-B (SMD =-1.2; 95% CI: -1.64 to -0.77), LDL-c concentration (SMD =-0.35; 95% CI: -0.61 to -0.09), and HbA1c (SMD = -0.43; 95% CI: -0.74 to -0.13) in overall analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis has provided evidence that RS supplementation can improve fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance and sensitivity, especially for diabetic with overweight or obesity. However, owing to potential sophistication, individual difference and composition of intestinal microbiota, this result should be carefully taken into account.

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Versus Sleeve Gastrectomy for Super Super Obese and Super Obese: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Weight Results, Comorbidity Resolution.

BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) used for super obesity (SO) and super super obesity (SSO) remain controversial. The meta-analysis was to summarize the evidence. METHODS: We searched in MEDLINE and PubMed for studies concerning RYGB and SG for SO or SSO and pooled complication, percentage excess weight loss (%EWL), and resolution of comorbidities. RESULTS: Twelve studies were identified. RYGB achieved higher %EWL at 12 months, but no significant difference at 24 months. Resolution of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia reached a statistical significance; however, there was no significant difference in hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: RYGB was superior in %EWL for SSO and SO at 12 months. However, regarding at 24 months, RYGB was equal to SG, which is from a meta-analysis and cannot be seen as a definitive conclusion.

Transport of Corilagin, Gallic Acid, and Ellagic Acid from Fructus Phyllanthi Tannin Fraction in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers.

Objective. To investigate the absorption property of the representative hydrolyzable tannin, namely corilagin, and its hydrolysates gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA) from the Fructus Phyllanthi tannin fraction (PTF) in vitro. Methods. Caco-2 cells monolayer model was established. Influences of PTF on Caco-2 cells viability were detected with MTT assay. The transport across monolayers was examined for different time points, concentrations, and secretory directions. The inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) and sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), and tight junction modulators were used to study the transport mechanism. LC-MS method was employed to quantify the absorption concentration. Results. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values of the three compounds were below 1.0 × 10-6 cm/s. The absorption of corilagin and GA were much lower than their efflux, and the uptake of both compounds was increased in the presence of inhibitors of P-gp and MRPs. The absorption of EA was decreased in the company of OATP and SGLT1 inhibitors. Moreover, the transport of corilagin, GA, and EA was enhanced by tight junction modulators. Conclusion. These observations indicated that the three compounds in PTF were transported via passive diffusion combined with protein mediated transport. P-gp and MRPs might get involved in the transport of corilagin and GA. The absorption of EA could be attributed to OATP and SGLT1 protein.

The Genus Phyllanthus: An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Review.

The plants of the genus Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae) have been used as traditional medicinal materials for a long time in China, India, Brazil, and the Southeast Asian countries. They can be used for the treatment of digestive disease, jaundice, and renal calculus. This review discusses the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies of Phyllanthus over the past few decades. More than 510 compounds have been isolated, the majority of which are lignins, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins. The researches of their remarkable antiviral, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities have become hot topics. More pharmacological screenings and phytochemical investigations are required to support the traditional uses and develop leading compounds.

Screening and Analysis of the Potential Bioactive Components of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf by HPLC and HPLC-MS(n) with the Aid of Chemometrics.

The aim of the present study was to establish a new method based on Similarity Analysis (SA), Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the quality of different samples of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf obtained from Yunnan, Hubei, Guizhou, Fujian, Henan, Guangxi, Anhui and Sichuan in China. For this purpose 15 samples from the different habitats were analyzed by HPLC-PAD and HPLC-MS(n). Twenty-three compounds were detected by HPLC-MS(n), of which twenty compounds were tentatively identified by comparing their retention times and mass spectrometry data with that of reference compounds and reviewing the literature. The characteristic fragmentations were summarized. 3-epi-Dehydrotumulosic acid (F13), 3-oxo-16α,25-dihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24(31)-trien-21-oic acid (F4), 3-oxo-6,16α-dihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24(31)-trien-21-oic acid (F7) and dehydropachymic acid (F15) were deemed to be suitable marker compounds to distinguish between samples of different quality according to CA and PCA. This study provides helpful chemical information for further anti-tumor activity and active mechanism research on P. cocos. The results proved that fingerprint combined with a chemometric approach is a simple, rapid and effective method for the quality discrimination of P. cocos.